handmade soap varied
 


Function of Handmade Soap


Leblanc, who invented a process for obtaining sodium carbonate, or soda, from ordinary salt. In the early American colonies, soap was made from rendered animal fats and was processed generally in the household, but by 1700 many areas derived their main income from the export of ashes and fats used in soap making. In this essay I will discuss the use and function of soap, the raw material used, the process of soap making, the difference between detergent and soap and the type of soaps.

Use and Function of Soap

Most soap removes grease and other dirt because some of their components are surface-active agents, or surfactants. Surfactants have a molecular structure that acts as a bond between water and the dirt particles, loosening the particles from the original fibers or other surfaces to be cleaned. The molecule can carry out this function because one end is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the other is hydrophobic (attracted to substances that are not water soluble). The hydrophilic end is same in construction to water-soluble salts. The hydrophobic part of the molecule usually consists of a hydrocarbon chain that is similar to the structure of grease, oil, and many fats. The net result of this rare structure permits soap to decrease the surface tension of water (by rising wetting) and to stick to and make soluble substances otherwise unsolvable in water. Soap powder is a hydrated combination of soap and sodium carbonate. The soap used in dispensers in powdered form, is a dry soap that has been crushed to a fine powder. In the late 1960s, because of the growing concern over the pollution of water resources, the inclusion of harmful chemicals, such as phosphates, in soaps and detergents was vigorously discouraged.2

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